A Study in Adaptation Essay Example for Free

A Study in Adaptation Essay Among the monographs found in the Culture and Ecology in East Africa Project is that of the work of Walter Goldschmit, entitled â€Å"The Sebei: A Study in Adaptiona. † It is among the ethnographic studies conducted to shed light on a particular community, which is that of Sebei. The project previously mentioned to which the monograph belongs is that of the University of California in Los Angeles which also carries the research design that was followed by the entire project (Mead 938). It has become important to evaluate this study because of the important role it plays in the field of ethnography and in the lives of the Sebei people. This paper will include the synopsis, a critique of the book, and the relationship with the materials and discussions found in the class. Synopsis of the Book The book primarily focuses on the people of Sebei, the socio-economic modes followed by the people there, and the adaptations which has happened throughout the existence of the community. People from Sebei speak Nilotic and have a connection with the Nandi and Kipsigis (MacGaffey 110). These people lives in the southeastern portion of Uganda and the elements of this community which has been discussed include the â€Å"history, environment, policy, social organization, animal husbandry, agriculture, a cash economy, sexual roles and marriage, child rearing, initiation, and the Sebei belief system† (Beidelman 542). The wide variety of the factors that have been covered in the study has been instrumental to the focus of the book, which is that of the ways of living of the people and how they have economically survived the environment they lived in. There are two environments which have been considered in the book to show the adaptive processes of the community under study. One is the area which is well-watered and is situated in the slopes of the mountains and the second is in the dry lands of the plains. With the conditions found in the said communities, there are also adaptive measures which have been taken by the people in terms of the production of their food and ways of living. One community concentrated on the hunting and gathering means of production because of the factors in the environment which makes this the most acceptable form of gathering food and sustaining the needs of the community. On the other hand, it is agriculture which has become the primary mode of economic production followed because of the availability of fertile soil that could be used for crops. Moreover, access to water is available that makes this a better option for the people. More so, it is seen to be the most effective in consideration of the available resources and conditions for the people. Economics-wise, this is the best methods for the respective communities discussed. Through time, it has been proven that Sebei people have the capability to adapt easily to changes in their environment and new situations which they are placed in (Mead 938). It has been shown in the book that the people have been able to be in contact with the Europeans when this group has been in a point where they are trying to adapt with the demands brought about by intra-African connections. The flexibility in adapting to such cultures has been carried out by the group by following the previous methods which have been used before by the group. It has been proven to be an effective pattern for the people since their first interaction with other cultures. Critique of the Book This particular book can be considered as one of the best monographs that have been written of an Ugandan community because of its succinctness and thoroughness. The ability of the author to present facts and data near what is real is considered to be a vital element of the author’s work. The author’s ability to record and research the past of the community has been helpful. The author, himself, has done quite an extensive job in proving the authenticity of his claims where there are primary evidences, such as photos, that has been shown together with the narratives provided. In writing a book, the ability of the author to provide evidences, especially in the field of ethnography, is considered to be vital in establishing the credibility and authenticity of the monograph. In a sense, this adds to the ability of the monograph to convince its readers that what is being said and shown in the account is true. Moreover, the book has shown one community but the picture that has been drawn and what has been learned over the discussions made of the particular community studied can be used in order to understand the African perspective. More so, the means of adoption that has been studied can be taken to a larger picture where it is also seen to exist in other areas and in different times. It has been found that the general perspective that can be used in order to interpret that of the Sebei culture is that â€Å"the maladies of the social system seem to outweigh their strengths† (Goldschmidt 338). With this particular statement, the author is then able to show that he has been able to observe the communities with a keen eye and relate it to the rest of the elements in the environment that surround the community. The author does not simply focus on what can be found within the community but also observes how it relates to the different links formed. More so, there is judgment that is found for these relationships from where a strong conclusion can be made. This monograph serves as a very good reading material for the members of the academic institutions and the epistemic communities from a wide variety of fields. Where field observations and thorough data collection has been done, there is the worthiness of examining the material and using it as a foundation of different researches. More so, an understanding of the different elements of the community can be easily derived through a reading of this material because of the substantial data that can be found here. This is not only for the purpose of studying communities but can also be taken by people from different fields such as psychology, economics, policy-making, sociology, and others in order to make researches and decisions. Relation to Class Materials and Discussions Understanding the book has been made easier because of the foundation laid by the class discussions and materials. The concepts that have been clarified in relation to culture, communities, and globalization has become an integral part of understanding how and why the Sebei communities had to adjust to the changing setting of the world and the communities which belong to it. It is difficult for a reader to understand the complex parts of the monograph if one would not take into consideration the aspects which relate the community to the changes in its surroundings. If the reader would not have the respective concepts and ideas, he/she might be limited to understanding the community in isolation and forget to relate it to the world outside the said community. There are factors which might be missed by the reader in understanding the community, in this case, and forget about the other forces that could change communities. Works Cited Goldschmidt, Walter. Culture and behavior of the Sebei: A study in Continuity and Adaptation. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California, 1976. MacGaffey, Wyatt. â€Å"Review. † ASA Review of Books 4 (1978): 110-111. Mead, Margaret. â€Å"Review. † American Anthropologists 79. 4 (1977): 938-939.

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Example for Free

Argument for the Use of Consensual Relationship Agreements (Cras) Essay Argument for the use of consensual relationship agreements (CRAs) in my current (or future) workplace Consensual Relationship Agreement (CRA) is a contract that both employees involved a romantic relationship sign to acknowledge that their relationship is voluntary and that they will abide by the policies of the company regarding anti-harassment and anti-discrimination. (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). Office romance should be addressed in a more constructive and professional way just like behaviors such as attendance, dress codes, and non-disclosure agreements. If one can argue that it is perfectly acceptable for employees with personal challenges (such as death in the family, childbirth, sick family member) to receive assistance and, support in the form of personal time-off from work then it must be reasonable for other employees who become romantically involved to get some type of support from their employers. The risks of office romance can better be mitigated if the risk factors are known and managed. So, for example, lawsuits from employees who claim they were coerced into an office romance and disadvantaged by it would be avoided because employees signed the CRAs of their own volition. Allegations from other employees of real or imagined favoritism from a supervisor to a subordinate with whom he or she is romantically involved would be averted because HR would have already taken steps to ensure this does not happen. By creating a mechanism which provides specific and detailed guidelines for professional workplace behavior, HR professionals are able to educate and caution employees about appropriate or inappropriate workplace etiquettes. Privacy issues or lack thereof, as related to dating in the workplace would also be appropriately addressed with the employees involved so they cannot claim that were unfairly treated. Another compelling reason why one should argue for CRAs in their workplaces is that in light of the legal ramifications of the rights of employees in the workplace, CRAs become an expedient and prudent way to protect the interest of an organization and simultaneously provide safe and meaningful ways for employees to freely explore and express their sentiments for others who might feel the same way. Organizations spend a lot of time and resources on strategic planning and forecasting. The purpose of such planning is to position the organization to accomplish two major goals: stay abreast with, or ahead of, the competitive marketplace and change current processes and approaches that are not yielding desired, or expected results. These are proactive steps to assure progress and success. CRAs facilitate and enhance such strategic plans by staying ahead of a changing workplace in the modern age and ensuring that valuable human resources will not be lost and thereby jeopardize more important organizational goals and objectives. CRAs provide a framework for responsible behavior by employees, particularly, supervisors. It fosters a win-win work environment for employees who happen to be romantically involved with each other and for employers to provide guidance and direction for appropriate workplace behavioral expectations. By bringing the relationship into the open the employees involved would not feel pressure to go to great lengths to hide their relationship and could focus on being productive. Conversely, these employees would become pre-occupied with finding ways to hide their relationships if the company did not encourage workplace romance. Create a counter argument against the use of CRAs in your current (or future) workplace. Office romance must be forbidden in the workplace because it simply raises too many avoidable issues in the workplace. By its very nature, office romance predisposes employees involved to compromise their rational objective behaviors because their non-objective emotional senses tend to dominate their thoughts and actions. Romantic relationships are the result of spontaneous human behavior; they are not preconceived and therefore cannot be regulated or contained by contracts. Making CRAs a condition for employment is also not a good idea because, over time, the restrictions become unbearable and the parties involved find out that they are better off in different organizations where their actions and whereabouts will no longer be scrutinized by an assigned HR person. CRAs are tantamount to indirect employment agreement in that they indirectly impose restrictions on the individuals involved in the relationship and seek to protect the interest of the organization at the expense of the people who happen to be emotionally attracted to each other and choose to express those sentiments in an open and liberating way. CRAs simply become ineffective tools because the employees who even agree to sign them often find ways to secretly engage in behaviors that result in lapses in judgment because they are emotionally charged. In many respects, CRAs are intrusive and inherently designed to discourage workplace romance. By their very nature they put restrictions on a human behavior that is designed to be spontaneous and natural. Organizations are not equipped to handle issues of the heart and neither should they start now. Organizations need to focus on what they do best, increasing shareholder value and accomplishing other strategic goals and objectives. Discuss the ethical principles involved in the use of CRAs. There are many perspectives and convictions about what is, or is not ethical. However, there are no universally accepted principles and rules for resolving all ethical issues (Hellriegel Slocum ,2011). In a country with such great freedom of expression, one can only imagine the diversity of opinions and positions regarding the factors that drive people’s decisions and formulate their ethics. The range of such factors is as wide as the differences in people and this is reflected in the diversity of ethical principles. However, for the purposes of this paper only a handful of relevant ethics based principles Utilitarian, Professional Standards, Disclosure and Distributive principles will be considered: Utilitarian principle focuses on the magnitude, extent and impact of harm versus good of decisions that are made. The final decision is predicated on the weight of good versus bad – the greatest good for the greatest number (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). On the basis of this principle, CRAs are believed to generate more good than harm for those who choose to engage in office romance. Disclosure Principle – This principle focuses on how most people in society will react to the details of a decision when it becomes public knowledge. Most organizations take social responsibility very seriously and will do their very best to garner positive public image. Consequently CRAs are viewed favorably by such organizations. Distributive Principle – This principle is predicated on fairness. The thrust of CRAs is a win-win arrangement for both the organization and the individual because most organizations generally perceive CRAs to be fair. Create at least one (1) other option besides CRAs that would address workplace romances. The only other option for workplace romances that may be plausible is for the organization to develop a set of policies based on the organization interest principle which focuses on the basis of what is good for the organization (Hellriegel Slocum , 2011). With this option, employees are expected to disclose any potential or actual conflict interest to the human resource professional within the organization. Conflict of interest covers a broad range of behaviors; however, this paper will focus on personal conflict of interest which stresses zero tolerance for discrimination and sexual harassment. This alternative approach to workplace romances would requires that an employee may not supervise someone with whom they have a close personal relationship such as anyone in their family, household or someone with whom they have or had a romantic relationship or other close personal relationship. Additionally, if one were to supervise someone even indirectly with whom they had one of the relationships described above, one must disclose the relationship promptly. Any acts of discrimination, sexual harassment or other harassment based on race, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation would be addressed under a zero tolerance policy.

Survey Engine to Assess Indirect Attainment Parameter in OBE

Survey Engine to Assess Indirect Attainment Parameter in OBE 1 INTRODUCTION The proposed system consists to two modules: Admin Users Report The administrator can perform several operations such as add and delete Question in question bank and creating survey etc. The administrator cans also send email to user to give survey and generate report. The User can receive an email to give survey he can give survey by opening link in email received by him. If user does not give survey he will receive email again for survey. The Generated report are useful for useful for outcome based education system where improvement and necessary changes are made into the system by using survey reports. 1.2 COMPANY PROFILE Founded in 2007, e-Sutra Chronicles Pvt. Ltd is a technology products firm based in Bangalore, India. Our innovative, category creating products for the Indian and international education sector are marketed under the brand name of Contineo. Our vision is to build world class products with Indian relevance and global applicability. Our mission is to accelerate the adoption of academic autonomy in India through IT. Contineo is a pioneering OBE enabling software platform for implementation and administartion of academic autonomy contineo executes full academic autonomy cluminating in secure confidential accurate,efficient and auditable examination of both the digitized answer script and coventional paper and pen variety. The contineo IT platform helps to organizations to quickly implement OBE conform to processes of academic autonomy execute credible examiniations and simplify accredition. While providing insightful analysis so as to allow institutes to focus on academic inovation and research. 2. LITERATURE SURVEY EXISTING SYSTEM: Currently to find information about survey we have to depend on various different sources to gain or find information Before the computerization of the survey system. Survey was taken manually using papers. The manual system requires lot of man power. A Person has to handle all the section like creating survey taking survey by using paper etc. which was so lengthy and tedious job. A Person has to manually check the records and maintain it. Then he generate reports it is very difficult job. If there is some inquiry for any information about survey then we need to check all the survey information and then the information was given. It was very tedious process. Limitation of manual system Wastage of manpower Inaccuracy in Maintaining records Time consuming PROPOSED SYSTEM: The proposed system is a web based application that helps to take survey from the people online. Admin will setup survey and send email to invite people for survey. People will give survey. In management dashboard we can maintain all the stuff like who is responded those who not respond we can send remainder email. Survey is based on question and option each option has weight age and this weight age is analyzed by using different OBE parameter. By using formulas graph and report are generated. Advantages of proposed system Saves manpower Accuracy in Maintaining records Time Saving FEASIBILITY STUDY Once you define a problem you have to check whether it is feasible or not, because all possible solutions are not feasible and feasible one is not always possible. A feasibility study is a test of checking your system proposal and its work ability, impact on the organization ability to meet user needs an effective use of resources. When a new application is proposed it can be goes through a feasibility study before it is approved for deployment. During feasibility analysis for this project, following issues are to be considered. The Key Considerations In Feasibility Study Are: Technical Feasibility. Organizational Feasibility. Economical Feasibility. Behavioral Feasibility. Technical Feasibility: In Technical Feasibility study, we have to test whether the proposed system can be developed using existing technology or not. The proposed system can be implemented with the existing technology with few changes easily. Organizational Feasibility: Organizational Feasibility is the study to identify the priority given to the system in the organization. The objective of the proposed system is to reduce the maintenance and overload of management employees. Using Online Application for survey the company can maintain all the detail of survey. Economical Feasibility: Economic feasibility means that the benefits of project are greater than the costs incurred. 1. Manpower cost As the proposed system is automating the survey it doesn’t require any additional man power thereby reducing the manpower cost. 2. Hardware and Software cost The organization already has a computer network and the proposed system can be installed without any additional expenditure of hardware and software. Behavioral Feasibility: In behavioral feasibility an estimate is made of how strong a reaction the user staff is likely to have towards the development of a computerized system. As the firm is in process of development so there are no chances of resistance from the users. TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED TOOLS USED 1) LAMP Server: is a Linux web development environment. It allows you to create web applications with Apache2, PHP and a MySQL database. Alongside, PHPMyAdmin allows you to manage easily your databases. 2) Firebug: What is Firebug? Firebug integrates with Firefox to put a wealth of web development tools at your fingertips while you browse. You can edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page. 3) phpmyadmin : It is a open source free tool developed in PHP. It handle the data of MYSQL by using GUI and web browser. It can do various tasks such as add, delete, modify databases, tables, rows etc. by executing SQL command. 4) Mysql workbench: It is good software of Mysql. This is useful creating database. Adding foreign keys and all is easy. We can also draw EER diagram which show exact relation between tables. 5) gedit: this is ubuntu by default editor where we can write code. It shows line number and other details. TECHNOLOGIES USED The technology selected forimplementing the application is PHP, and joomla framework MVC component since it was the requirement of the Client to develop an Interactive User Friendly Application. The development was done in a ‘Linux’ environment using for security reasons. The MVC software design pattern There are three parts to the MVC design pattern: the model, view, and controller. The controller and view may both be considered a part of the presentation layer while the model may be seen as a fusion of the business logic and data-access layers. Each element of the MVC is represented in Joomla! by an abstract class: Jmodel, JView, and JController. These classes are located in the joomla.application.component library. MODEL A model will normally contain data access methods to retrieve, add, remove, and update data stored within a specific data source. The model allows us to modify data. The methods that define business logic are essentially defining the behavior of the data VIEW The view defines how we present our data. In Joomla!, when we use a view to display HTML, we use layouts (a form of template) that provide us with an extra layer of control and enable us to present our data in multiple formats. In addition to HTML, views can be formatted to present data in other formats such as PDF or news feeds. CONRTOLLER The controller determines what operation or task has been requested and, based on the request, selects the appropriate model(s) and passes any data modification requests to the appropriate model, creates a view, and associates one or more models with the view. The controller does not manipulate data; it only calls methods in the model. The controller does not display data but rather creates a view that can display the data. JOOMLA Joomla! is a modular and extensible PHP MySQL CMS (Content Management System). It is an open-source project, which is released under version 2 of the GPL license. Joomla! has fast become one of the most popular open source CMSs, which is proved by its numerous awards and massive online community. PHP PHP originally stood for â€Å"Personal Home Page† and was released as a free, open source project. Over time, the language was reworked to meet the needs of its users. GUI applications PHP generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output. HTML: HTML is used to creating the web page either of Static or of Dynamic and used to develop the user friendly web pages. HTML uses ASCII characters for both the main text and formatting instructions. The main text is data and the whole information is used by the browser to format the data. A HTML document is simply a text file, which contains certain information you would like to publish. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Hardware Requirements: The basic hardware requirements are as follows: PROCESSOR : Pentium IV above. RAM : 512 MB above. HARD DISK : 10 GB above. MONITOR : Color. Software Requirements: OPERATING SYSTEM: Linux Ubuntu 12.04 SERVER: LAMP server DATABASE : Mysql BROWSER : Mozilla Firefox/Google chrome TOOLS USED : Mysql workbench; USER INTERFACE : HTML, CSS, JavaScript LANGUAGES : PHP FRAMEWORK : Joomla 3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION USERS Users are those who are actually going to use this software. The â€Å"survey engine to assess indirect attainment parameters in outcome based education† has two types of users. Both of these users are provided with different user interfaces. Users: Users are the actual users of this system. They use this software in to give an feedback. The user will receive an email for survey he has give survey which is very useful for outcome based education system make changes in system. Admin: Administrator is the person who is going to maintain this software. He is provided with the interface that helps to create an survey an send email to users and generate report. This software must satisfy the time and speed constraints of both the users. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Functional requirements are very important system requirements in a software requirements in a software engineering process (or at micro level, a sub part of requirement engineering) such as technical specifications, system design parameters etc. In contrast there is one more requirements which are based on some parameters such as performance of the system, software quality attributes, reliability and security, cost constraints, design/implementation constraints. The functional requirement defines the capabilities and functions that a system must be able to perform successfully. The System must provide following functionalities :- Keeping records survey. A detailed Report regarding the survey should be maintained and produced whenever needed. Storing the feedback complaints given by the users. The Feedback and Complaints given by the users should be stored and accessible by the Admin. Keeping details about the users he is given survey or not. Sending emails. The Admin can notify users regarding information of survey through email. User friendly user interface User will get good user friendly interface.The software should run on various operating systems with different browsers . NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Non-Functional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability. Performance Performance requirements define how fast the system responds. The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than ten seconds. Requested queries shall be return results within few seconds. Reliability System should specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at time of delivery. Availability The website is available as and when user needs. Maintainability Data in the System shall be easily maintained. Testing rigorously and fixing bugs as it occurs to make the application robust Scalability The system should scale well as the number of users increase. It’s a large survey base application so as the numbers of user increase the application should provide the same performance Testability The Developed system is tested with test goals, test methods used, and test resources. The result is stored with proper values so that it can be referred for future testing conditions. 4 SYSTEM DESIGN SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE This system is a replacement for the manual existing systems to get survey from users. The authenticated users only allowed using the services of the system. So that the related information can be accessed by the particular users. â€Å"Survey engine to assess indirect attainment parameters in outcome based education† is aimed at developing a web-based system that helps people to get the details regarding the request from the users. Our application helps to maintain the details of survey i. e. feedback is taken from users to improve outcome based education system. Our application provides a way to produce staff, course, industry survey reports with graphs, which helps in analyzing growth and suggestion of institute. This can be achieved by graphs like PI, Bar graphs. CONTEXT DIAGRAM System Design: Design is the blue print of the system documentation. Designing process starts after identifying reports and other outputs the system will produce. It should be done carefully since if it is incorrect, it will produce the incorrect outputs. CONTEXT LEVEL DATA FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM: Here is the Context Level DFD and let’s see it contains: First admin login. He can add question in question bank. Then he creates a survey by selecting question from question bank and assigns it to a particular survey. After that he send email to user. user will receive email and gives survey. According to the user response report are generated. 5 DETAILED DESIGNS Use-Case Diagram: SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS COLLABARATION DIAGRAMS ACTIVITY DIAGRAM DATABASE DESIGN CONCEPTUAL SCHEMA : 6 IMPLEMENTATION SCREEN SHOTS 7 SOFTWARE TESTING Introduction: Software testing is the execution of program to find its faults. The testing process focuses on the logical internals of the software, ensuring that all statements have been tested and on the functional externals, that is conducting test to uncover errors and ensure that defined inputs will produce actual results agreed with required results. The following test strategies were adopted to test the system. Testing Strategies: There are two general strategies for testing software. These are as follows: Code Testing: This examines the logic of the program. To follow this test, cases are developed such that every path of program is tested. Specification Testing :Specification Testing examines the specification starting what the program should do and how it should perform under various conditions. Then test cases are developed for each condition and combinations of conditions and to be submitted for processing. Testing Method Used: Here black box testing and statistical testing are used. In black box testing, all possible types of inputs and seen for corresponding outputs and if not giving, code are corrected. In statistical testing, checking for all variables whether they assigned values before using it, whether array bound correctly defined, whether looping statement terminating without going to infinite loop, whether function parameter are passed in order and about number of parameters etc., are checked successfully and found correct everything working satisfactorily. The stages in testing process are: Unit Testing: Individual components are tested to ensure that they operate correctly. Each component tested independently without other system components. Ex. Checked for Username and Password with the table, after the next module is loaded session allocation. System Testing: System testing is actually a series of different tests whose primary purpose is fully to exercise the computer-based system. The system tests that where applied are recovery testing and performance testing. Finally a review or audit is conducted which is a final evaluation that occurs only after operating the system long enough for user to have gained a familiarity with it. System testing was done by the inspection team to verify that all the functionality identified is the software requirement specification has been implemented. Defects that crept in the system has been found defect free and is working well. System testing is concerned with interfaces, design logic, control flow recovery, procedures throughput, capacity and timing characteristics of the entire system. For blank field, alphabets, number and special character validation. 8 CONCLUSION The present computerized system is useful for creating survey. This system is developed as simple as possible to user. Being user-friendly software the user doesn’t find any difficulty in using it. Creating survey and taking survey by using paper. Which was so lengthy and tedious job. This software overcomes these problems. Importance of the system: Less manual work. Increased efficiency. Decreases the rate of errors. It reduces the time consumption. Quick (instant) result. 9 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS We can use this project in all the Institute where survey is required. We can manage all the information of survey in cloud. The coding pattern is kept as dynamic as possible with minimum amount of static values to make it easier for future extensions. As the current system is expected to add more functionality and dependency according to requirement changes and technology, proper coding standards and working platform have been kept in mind to produce a quality product. This will be a feature which will be added in future. Appendix A BIBLIOGRAPHY Reference Books Robert W. Sebesta : â€Å"Programming the world wide web†, 4th edition, Pearson Education, 2008 Ian Sommerville: Software Engineering,8th Edition, Pearson Education, 2007 Elmasri and Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 4th, Edition, Pearson Education 2003. Mastering Joomla! 1.5 Extension and Framework Development Second Edition The Professional Guide to Programming Joomla! Website https://docs.joomla.org/ http://www.php.net/ http://www.w3schools.com/ http://www.joomla.org/ KLEDRMSSCET, BelgaumDepartment of MCA 2014-2015

Sex Addicts Find Each Other Online :: Journalism Essays

Sex Addicts Find Each Other Online To her friends and family, Mary Smith* is a young, hard-working psychology student who never seems to have time for fun. What they don't know is that Mary is a sex addict. Recently, her boyfriend of three months discovered her secret. After they broke up, Mary took her addiction one step further and started experimenting with strangers and bondage, spanking and rape fantasies using the Internet. Mary uses the Internet as her tool to find sex partners. Mary spends most of her time on the Internet exploring erotic Web sites. The Internet changed the way in which she communicates. Late night, she wanders nearby neighborhoods -- dressed sometimes as a dominatrix concealed by her outer coat -- to have sex with men. An honors student, she is terrified of getting caught but can not stop herself. She had her first sexual encounter with a total stranger in the front seat of his car just blocks away from her college campus. She met this man on the Internet through a personal ad directed at college girls. Mary never had sex with strange men before the Internet. Now she spends morning, noon and night surfing adult chat rooms, pornography sites and alternate lifestyle Web sites. â€Å"It all started when a friend called me up one day and told me that she was dating a man that she found off of the Internet.† Smith said. â€Å"Hours later I was hooked.† Smith placed an ad of her own on an erotic Web site. In the ad, she included her picture, physical details and sexual fantasies. She changed her name to protect her identity. â€Å"I got so many responses from guys; it freaked me out at first,† Smith said. â€Å"I went back to the sites minutes later because I couldn’t stop thinking about the idea of having sex with different men.† The convenience of sexually oriented Web sites on the Internet gives the sex addict immediate access to potentially dangerous people. The seeker can become a victim of a sexually related crime. Sexual addiction is defined as any sexually-related, compulsive behavior which interferes with normal living and causes severe stress on family, friends and loved ones and one’s work environment. This behavior is often accompanied by other addictions such as drinking, drugs and eating disorders. The sex addict engages in sex to feel good. They became so consumed with this feeling that they soon avoid their school work and other responsibilities.

Significants Of Soviet Unions First Atomic Bomb :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1949, the Soviet Union exploded their first atomic bomb. This event was so significant because it began the great arms race. The arms race in effect was the beginning of the Cold War. The events that led up to and followed the soviets first atomic bomb changed the United States of America forever. Everything from the fear of Russia launching a nuclear attach to paranoia of espionage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Julius and Ethel Rosenburg fired up the C.I.A.’s paranoia of espionage. They were both married and joined the Communist party in 1939. They later dropped out so they would be able to help their party in 1942. They did this so they could get jobs at U.S. Army Signal Corps. This is were they got their information that they gave to the Soviet Union. They apparently passed on classified info on the construction of the atomic bomb. Info that would have taken the Soviet Union many more years to learn on their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The explosion of the first atomic bomb by Russia started an arms race between the Soviets and the United States. This was a time when the Soviets and Americans where trying to out due each other in the production of defensive or offensive weapons. Each one tried to come out with bigger bader weapons than what the other had. Most people blame the race on the U.S. but the threat of a Soviet attach was very real. Therefore the U.S. is intitled to outdo them any way they can.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cold war was then brought about. The cold war reached its peak in the 1960’s, when an American U-2 spy plane got photos of Soviet missle sites in Cuba. When this was discovered. The fear of an nuclear war became feared. America was hanging by a sting on wheather or not they should act or not.

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Cloning Cloning may have many dangerous processes, reproductive cloning, the creating of a new organism, and cloning, the creation of a new tissues or other biological products such as food animals plants people and other stuff, which affects the human society which is not good at all. Scientists says cloning may benefit all men and women, religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be a bad process that should never happen and they should get rid of the idea. Human cloning may serve as an aid to the children and parents with problems, cloning is not good at all to human life to see as a product to make money off or to be lazy. Humans reproductively and mentally give the idea of people becoming a product rather than a living human being. Taylor emphasizes that â€Å"reproductive cloning could also represent an enormous step in direction of transforming human procreation into human life†. In other words, reproductive cloning will create a world full of dolls that will remove every trace of living beings which is not a good thing to have. Though it is hard to believe the world becoming a doll house for each family, it has come to a conclusion that the ability of cloning and creating children is questioning everybody about cloning and how it will effect the world. what does it mean to be a human think about it. If it was not bad enough for this world to describe some of the people to be looked upon as nothing but a thing or be made fun of, cloning pushes the idea to a whole new level. By opening the door to things such as manipulation with doubles it could get really bad. Caplan states, as she despe rately explains the fear in cloning, â€Å"of wanting to be someone else, it can treat them as objects instead of person,† To even add ... ...ly fit into my research paper. This source was very helpful for me to use in my research. It shapes my argument because it’s got info about both sides so I can use them. This hasn’t changed what I think about my topic. 6. "A Plasmid Toolkit for Cloning Chimeric Cdnas Encoding Customized Fusion Proteins into Any Gateway Destination Expression Vector." n.d.: n. pag. Print. This source is a very useful source. It compares with the other articles because it’s about cloning. The information in the article is reliable. This source is objective. The goal of this source is to tell people what we don’t know about cloning. The text in this source could easily fit into my research paper. This source was very helpful for me to use in my research. It shapes my argument because it’s got info about both sides so I can use them. This hasn’t changed what I think about my topic.

History of Human Services Essay

It is common for people to expect something in return for helping someone out or providing them with a specific service. It is also very common for people to expect to have to give up something in return for asking for help or specific services. While not everyone believes that those who are in need should be helped, there are opposing positions which feel that reform is a way to retract and counteract the situation the for the person in need. In order to get a better understanding of what is needed in the present time, we must first learn and understand how and why people of the western culture helped others through human services. As provided in The Introduction to Human Services: Policy and Practice, tracing back through history it shows how the western culture went through a difficult route of providing help for people in need. It shows how people in need were provided help from their families and the church or a benevolent feudal lord, later leading to receive help from the government, then eventually receive help from volunteers or trained professionals (Mandell & Schram, 2012). In the United States there are several helpful services which are no longer being made available due to the government’s decisions to strip away the programs or services for those in need and putting much of the burden on the volunteer and charity groups or churches. With the limited amount of resources and services available, these groups and churches are limited on what they can do to help. According to Garrow (2010), â€Å"nonprofit human service organizations located in a munificent environment can pursue multiple funding opportunities such as donations, fees for services, and other revenue-generating activities† (pg 447). There are several factors which have influenced our ability and willingness to help society members. Some people are just willing to help those in need because they have the means and are either empathetic or sympathetic to the needs of others. Many people who have gone through similar instances as those who are in need now are willing to try to help someone because they can feel their pain because they have been through the same tough times. While there are some that ant to help because they can, there are also those who can help but refuse to because of their survival of the fittest mentality because of their victim blaming point of view which sees and blames people for their own misfortune and not a circumstance due to social forces (Mandell & Schram, 2012). Reciprocity is a give and take type of situation. When there is someone receiving goods or services, it is expected that there is some type of benefit received back in return. In western cycles of giving and helping this same principle is put into place. There was once a time where people would help others because they want to or because it makes them feel good for doing so. Now in more modern times people expect a benefit received from the services they provide. Some consider the fact that people are in the situation they are in because of something they have done wrong or incorrectly. Mandell & Schram (2012) provide philosophies which clash with the methods of providing help. These philosophies include: * Deserving vs. Undeserving: This is where victim blamers are as the superior to the victims who need help which are put in discriminatory classification as higher or lower categories and some are considered to be more worthy of receiving benefits and services than others (pg 32). * Means-tested vs. Universal programs: This is where means-tested programs that are available only to the poor, whose assets fall below a certain set eligibility level as oppose to universal programs that provide income supports and social services to both the affluent and the poor (pg 32). Culture of poverty vs. Opportunity theory: This is where a system of self-defeating beliefs passed on from parent to child as oppose to the theory that people are prevented from getting out of poverty because of their lack of social opportunities rather than because of their individual defects (pg 32 & 35). There are four issues within the cycle of helping in the American society which connects to all types of situations and circumstanc es of people. The cycles consist of welfare reform, treatment of mental illness, juvenile justice, and criminal justice. With all of these issues, they prove the influence of human services which are of precedence of the spotlight and should be addressed accordingly. Welfare: * Welfare is considered as Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) and according to Mandell & Schram (2012) welfare provides a good example of the cycles of reform (pg 43). * Since welfare and other safety net programs were cut back, the criminal justice system expanded, causing the United States to have the highest incarceration rate on the planet which is five times the world’s average (pg 43). Mandell & Schram, 2012) Mental Illness: * Mental illness can be diagnosed only by observing. * The imprecision of the diagnosis of schizophrenia, for example, is illustrated by a study done by thirteen psychology researchers where they all presented themselves at the doors of various mental hospitals telling them they heard voices, with the outcome of each being discharged with a diagnosis of schizophrenic on remission. There are an uneven number of people of color in mental hospitals due partly to racial discrimination and partly because an unequal numbers of them are poor. (Mandell & Schram, 2012) Juvenile Justice: * The child-saving movement was the efforts of reformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to rescue children from unwholesome influences which led to the development of children’s institutions, foster care, and the juvenile court (pg 55). The juvenile court system was based on the belief that children who break the law should not be punished like adults (pg55). * Juvenile reformatories were supposed to protect youngsters humanely from the corrupting influences of adult criminals but youth were found guilty and was assigned to a reformatory without trial and with a minimum of legal protection because legal due process was assumed to be unnecessary since reformatories were intended to reform and not punish (pg 55). Now juveniles have the right to know the charges against them, the right to have their own lawyer, and the right to confront and cross-examine their accuser and witnesses (pg 56). (Mandell & Schram, 2011) Criminal Justice: * The U. S. is the world’s leader in incarceration with 2. 3 million people in the nation’s prisons or jails in 2010 (pg 58). * Even though most of the prisoners are men, the number of mothers in America’s state prison has reached a record high (pg 58). * Many of the mothers who have been sentenced to prison had previously received TANF (pg 58). Another reason for the increase in incarcerations has been the imprisonment of undocumented immigrants (pg59). * Prisoners have to put their lives on hold while prison and in many states cannot vote when they get out (pg59). * Some human service workers work with people who are on probation and parole or in rehabilitation programs in order to check for inaccuracies in their crime records, help children visit their parents to prevent termination of parental rights, or help released prisoners to find jobs (pg 60). Mandell & Schram, 2012) In my opinion I think that we are trying to do as much as we can to help with welfare, juvenile justice, mental illness, and criminal justice. There is only so much that can be done since government only allows so much assistance and resources to those in need. There are fortunately volunteers and charities which provide the much needed assistance and resources for those without asking for any type of payment or reciprocity in return. Just as it is stated by Oftelie (2011), â€Å"human services support our nation’s social fabric, economic competiveness and equity in the American dream. We have the strategies and technologies for increasing capacity and performance† (pg 15). We need to learn to reach out to help others to become better for themselves, their families, and society. While not everyone believes that those who are in need should be helped, there are divergent positions which point out that reform is a way to withdraw from and offset the difficult circumstances for the person in need. Throughout history there has been a list of challenges for changes which can attest for the reform within human services. Through reciprocity and other factors of societal circumstances shape the behavior for helping those in need. Even though there have been many changes in the cycles of helping in the American society, we can always use even more improvements in welfare, mental illness treatment, juvenile justice, and criminal justice systems. It is up to everyone to find a way to contribute to develop new approaches to human services.