Critical Thinking for Mangers in Healthcare industry †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Thinking for Mangers in Healthcare industry. Answer: The role of a manger in healthcare industry plays an important role in the delivery of proper health care services to its patients. The management works in the development of various strategies and policies to prevent the population from infecting with various diseases. These policies are developed on a national or a local level such as a state or district level. There are various functions of management or administration in a healthcare setting such as development and allocation of budget for the smooth functioning of its facilities and services, planning of fees for the services related to health for its patients and keeping a check on the expenditure involved during the provision of its services. They also help in the provision of healthcare facilities such as equipments , proper medical healthcare facilities and patient satisfaction by providing patients good care and various nursing interventions. This assignment deals with the various issues and disproportionate risks involved in HIV for key populations like sex workers, transgender , men who have sex with men, people who live in prison and people who inject drugs to themselves. HIV refers to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and it can lead to a disease known as AIDS (Acquired Human Immuno Deficiency Syndrome).It attacks the immune system of the body and is very difficult to get rid of it in a complete manner . It has been reported that 1000 Australian people are diagnosed with HIV every year and people are diagnosed at a later stage ,after the virus has caused illness in them. Australia is able to eliminate AIDS but not HIV infection among the individuals. It is estimated that Australia will be able to become HIV free by the year 2020. It has also been reported that there is a growth of around 13 % in the patients infected by HIV every year in the country. It was also reported in 2015 that there was 25,313 individuals affected with HIV in Australia (World Health Organization 2015). Researchers have planned various healthcare strategies to stop HIV from infecting individuals especially key populations which involves men who have sex with men, people living i n prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs in themselves, sex workers and transgender people. They should be provided with proper prevention and treatment facilities to prevent HIV from infecting them, as it is their basic right (Dodson et al. 2016). These populations have least access to prevention and care and very few treatment methods for the treatment of HIV. In the year 2015, it was reported that there were around 45% of new HIV infections including these key populations like men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, transgender people, people who live in prisons and confined areas and sex workers (Weiler 2013). Labeling these key populations, discrimination and criminalization are the main reasons they do not get proper treatment facilities and have to face various laws and policies that are biased as compared to the normal population. According to WHO, men who have sex with men should take antiretroviral medicines to prevent HIV infection which is also known as pre-exposure prophylaxis. This can reduce the HIV infections up to 25% on a global level. Government is planning various measures and strategies to reduce the percentage of this deadly disease in key population to 75 % by the year 2020. People who live in prisons or closed areas should be provided proper nutrition and hygienic environment to prevent HIV infection. They should be given proper medical and dental checkups and should be provided proper protection from various hazards. People who inject drugs in their body should be given clean syringes and needles at low cost to prevent the infection. They should be given proper counseling and medical testing facilities for HIV. They should also be provided antiretroviral therapy to prevent themselves from HIV. Adolescents should be given HIV Vaccination to prevent the HIV disease from infecting them. Pre- Expo sure Prophylaxis should be made available to these key populations as they have a high risk of getting HIV infection, which involves intake a pill daily (Bennett et al 2014).These key populations should be given proper access to treatment, prevention and care. Various healthcare programs should be organized to deal with their health issues to achieve health equity for patients suffering from HIV. It is the human right of every AIDS patient to receive proper counseling about the preventive measures and the treatment tests. Equity and Rights should be balanced for all the patients affected by HIV. Proper policies and laws are required to protect the individual rights of such patients. Preventive health care interventions for HIV include proper use of condoms by these key populations to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV up to 94 % (Piot et al. 2014). They should also be counseled to use silicone or water based lubricants that would prevent the condoms from slipping and getting broken. Individuals who inject drugs in themselves, condom programming should be made essential to them and lubricant distribution programs should be introduced and closed settings to prevent the harmful effects of HIV. Community interventions play an important role improving their health condition in the key populations and various other patients include proper counseling of patient affected by HIV and providing them psychosocial support to boost their confidence and improve their self-esteem. They and their family members should be given proper information about the disease, its symptoms, treatment plan and preventive measures to avoid any confusion and to tackle the disease. Community interventions play an important role in guiding these key populations and providing effective services to deal with deadly diseases like HIV. It also helps in developing various strategies to provide better healthcare facilities to such patients. These strategies include providing education about the disease, application of various service and literacy programs and other programmes and policies for the betterment of healthcare services. For example, sex workers have a little information about the risk factors associated and they should not be discriminated from others in the provision of better healthcare services as they are more prone to this disease. Adolescents should be trained about the practice of having safe sex by the use of condoms and lubricants by organizing sexuality-training programs in schools and colleges. People who inject drugs in their body should be provided training on the safe use of injections to avoid future complications. HIV can be prevented in key populations by visiting the healthcare professional for regular examination and to make sure that he or she has contracted the disease. Key populations should follow proper treatment methods and take various preventive measures to avoid the infection from HIV. Patients should use sterilized needles should not use shared needles with each other for the incorporation of the drug in the body (Cremin et al. 2013). It is the basic individual right of every human being to receive proper healthcare facilities irrespective of caste, creed religion and social status. Critical Reflection The main objective of a manager is to prevent the key populations in Australia from infection by HIV by providing proper information, counseling and proper treatment methods. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is an incurable disease, which leads to AIDS. It spreads through the body fluids present in our body and should be treated to prevent the virus from infecting further. It can be prevented by having safe sex or abstinence. Safe sex refers to the use condoms especially latex condoms. Provision of safe blood should be provided to patients to prevent the transmission of HIV virus. Various communication methods can be followed to promote awareness among the youths and key population about HIV since they have a low socioeconomic status and do not have proper education. Awareness campaigns can be organized on a managerial level including key interventions like proper counseling services to patients and information about treatment methods should be provided, information about blood saf ety, antiretroviral therapy and promotion of usage of condoms to practice safe sex and prevent the transmission of HIV (Figueroa, Johnson,and Baggaley 2015). Nutritional food can be provided to women who are suffering from HIV infection and are lactating .Nurses and other paramedical staff can be trained to provide Antiretroviral Therapy to men who have sex with men. Post-exposure prophylaxis can be provided to individuals. As a manger of healthcare organization, there are various strategies that can be followed to prevent HIV in key populations that involve men who have sex with men, people living in prisons and other closed settings, people who inject drugs in themselves, sex workers and transgender people. Health equity is important in primary health care because every individual has the right to avail proper medical facilities irrespective of their differences like caste and financial status. This will help them in improving their health condition and keep them contented. A large proportion of women also lag behind as compared to men to avail primary health care. The main reason behind this is that women lack economic and social power (World Health Organization 2015). Horizontal health equity refers to the balance in the provision of medical treatment facilities under the same conditions to people who are single, or in groups. Vertical equity is based on the fact that people who have differences on the basis of caste, religion, sex should be provided different healthcare facilities according to their requirement. There is a major difference in the provision of medical facilities among the developing and the developed countries and this is not acceptable as it is the basic right of every individual to avail proper medical facilities. There can be a proper methodology and various strategies can be followed to reduce this gap on a managerial level in a healthcare organization. Various scientific and technological methods can be developed that can be accessed by the patients and their family members living in rural areas at a reasonable cost. Primary health care plays an important role in attaining the objective of the proper health care facilities for all the individuals. Declaration of Alma Ata of 1978 played an important role in providing primary health care to all the individuals in the twentieth century (Idele et al. 2014). The objective of primary health care for all the individuals was accepted by all the countries who are members of World Health Organization (WHO) after this declaration w as made. As a manager individuals belonging to key populations should be addressed to prevent them to suffer from violence and justice should be provided to them. Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV in individuals belonging to key populations can be done on a regular basis and should not be discriminated based on socioeconomic status, caste and religion (Agwu and Fairlie 2013). Discrimination lowers the self-esteem of such individuals and leads to depression, anxiety and trauma. They have a poor knowledge of contraception methods, which leads to pregnancy at a very young age. Pregnancy rate of females (age 16-24 years) in the indigenous populations is more as compared to that of non-indigenous populations (Young et al 2014). There are various other reasons of teenage pregnancy like violence in the family and physical and sexual torture by the partner. Various strategies and measures can be taken into account to create awareness among the key populations about the ill effects of HIV. They should be provided proper education in schools and should be made aware about the contraception methods to avoid pregnancy. References Agwu, A.L. and Fairlie, L., 2013. Antiretroviral treatment, management challenges and outcomes in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents.Journal of the International AIDS Society,16(1). Bennett, D.E., Bertagnolio, S., Sutherland, D. and Gilks, C.F., 2014. The World Health Organization's global strategy for prevention and assessment of HIV drug resistance.Antiviral therapy,13, p.1 Cremin, I., Alsallaq, R., Dybul, M., Piot, P., Garnett, G. and Hallett, T.B., 2013. The new role of antiretrovirals in combination HIV prevention: a mathematical modelling analysis.Aids,27(3), pp.447-458. Dodson, S., Batterham, R., McDonald, K., Elliott, J.H. and Osborne, R.H., 2016. A systematic analysis of the needs of people with HIV in Australia: stakeholder views of the key elements for a healthy life.Sexual Health,13(5), pp.444-450. Figueroa, Johnson, Baggaley, V. . (2015). Attitudes and acceptability on HIV self-testing among key populations: a literature review. r, . AIDS and Behavior, 19(11), 1949-1965. Idele, P., Gillespie, A., Porth, T., Suzuki, C., Mahy, M., Kasedde, S. and Luo, C., 2014. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents: current status, inequities, and data gaps.JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes,66, pp.S144-S153. Lowther, K., Selman, L., Harding, R. and Higginson, I.J., 2014. Experience of persistent psychological symptoms and perceived stigma among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART): a systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), pp.1171-1189. Piot, P., Bartos, M., Ghys, P.D., Walker, N. and Schwartlnder, B., 2014. The global impact of HIV/AIDS.Nature,410(6831), pp.968-973. Weiler, G., 2013. Global update on HIV treatment 2013: results, impact and opportunities. World Health Organization, 2015. Consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV in the health sector. World Health Organization, 2015. Fact sheet: HIV treatment and care: what's new in HIV treatment. Young, S., Wheeler, A.C., McCoy, S.I. and Weiser, S.D., 2014. A review of the role of food insecurity in adherence to care and treatment among adult and pediatric populations living with HIV and AIDS.AIDS and Behavior,18(5), pp.505-515.